Visit Allied Wire & Cable at - There are many components that go into an electrical cable, from the conductor, to the insulation, to any shielding or jacketing it may have. Arguably, the most important component is the conductor, because without it, you don't have a cable. The conductor is at the center of the cable, and it carries the electrical signal from point A to point B. While that is the simplest definition, a lot goes into making and choosing the proper conductor for a particular cable. You need to choose the material, and any applicable coating. And what about stranding, or do you need solid?
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All of these choices are important when deciding on what conductor you want. You can choose copper, silver, nickel, silver or nickel plated, or a variety of high strength alloys as your conductor material.
Each of these options has its own benefits and limitations on where they should be used. After choosing a conductor material, you need to choose between solid or stranded.
Solid simply means your conductor will be one piece of metal, while stranded is a bunch of smaller pieces held together, which increases the flexibliity of the wire. If you choose stranded, you need to choose your laying options: bunched, unilay or rope lay. The lay will determine how the strands are configured around each other.
Figure 1: Different Types of Coaxial Cable. I am preparing some customer education material on for customers (Figure 1 shows some coaxial cable examples) and I thought this information was worth documenting here. Our fiber optic products interface to coaxial cables so that service providers can use existing in-home wiring. Coaxial cable is much more commonly used in the United States for residential interconnect than in the rest of the world - about have coaxial cable already wired within them. In my opinion, it is also the most misunderstood of the broadband interconnection products. My intent here is to cover some of the basic math associated with two important coaxial cable parameters.
In later posts, I will discuss how the temperature affects coaxial cable losses and length, which are the specific topics that I am addressing with customers this week. Background Construction of Coaxial Cable Figure 2 shows a section drawing of coaxial cable.
Figure 3: RG-59 Coaxial Cable Components: (A) Outer plastic sheath, (B) Copper braid shield, (C) Inner dielectric insulator, and (D) Copper or copper-plated core (Source: Wikipedia). Types of Coaxial Cable Here is a on some common types of coaxial cable. However, this post will focus on RG-6, which is commonly used in residential analog video deployments (e.g.
My questions from the field are nearly always about RG-6 cable. As analog video vanishes, the in-place coaxial cable is being re-purposed to carrying digital video using and. So we are going to see the residential use of coaxial cable for a long time. History of Coaxial Cable Impedance Values I found some interesting articles that discussed the history of 50 Ω and 75 Ω values for coaxial cables:. Definitive web-based.
Very good on the choice of impedances. Analysis From my standpoint, the two most important electrical characteristics of coaxial cable are:. Characteristic Impedance. Attenuation I will use a couple of common formulas for estimating these values using two different types of RG-6 cables. I will not attempt a derivation because the good folks at have done a great job documenting the formulas for both and. Characteristic Impedance Figure 4 shows how the mechanical construction of an RG-6 cable determines its characteristic impedance. For my example cable, I used the.
Figure 4: General Formula for the Characteristic Impedance of a Coaxial Cable. My calculations show a 74 Ω characteristic impedance for this cable, which is very close to the manufacturer's stated 75 Ω. Attenuation Figure 5 shows how the mechanical construction, length, and frequency of use of an RG-6 cable (again, Belden 1694A) determines its attenuation. My result shows an error of 9.5%, which does not surprise me because this formula does not model.
This can be modeled, but I do not want to go into these details for training newbies. Figure 5: Example of Calculating Coaxial Cable Loss at 100 MHz. Conclusion This was just a quick note to document how two key coaxial cable parameters are computed. I decided to document these calculations because I saw them done incorrectly in some forum discussions. The key problem that folks were having was determining the relative permittivity of the dielectric material. Most of the coaxial cable today use dielectrics that have tiny gas bubbles in them. This reduces their effective relative permittivity.
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The erroneous calculations that I saw were using the relative permittivity of solid dielectric material with no injected gas.
If you’re new to specifying and installing cable and wire in your facility or on your machines, it can be confusing to know what type of cable should be used where. Amex optima/oasis program. I was curious to see what type of information was available to give users a simplistic look at designing with all types of cable, from copper to fiber and flat to round. While I didn’t find much, a few companies and individuals offer some basics to get you started.
The first is from with audio available, highlighting hundreds of components including cable designs from manufacturers such as Cicoil, General Cable, Alpha Wire, and more. Some are product specific, but others are more introductory, such as “Basics of Wire & Cable” from AlphaWire to “Cable Basics-Composition, Construction & Proper Use” from General Cable.
Search for topics. Another option I stumbled upon was actually on YouTube, with giving a rundown on hundreds of topics. Salinas also a that offers some technical basics as well. While most of the topics are geared towards low-voltage users and very product specific, many just offer a good basic look at the technologies available, such as a six-part series on fiber optic cable, terminating and splicing cable and wire, comparisons between CAT3, CAT5, CAT6, and where to use them and why, and more. Other companies offer some basic PDFs for reviewing on their website, including one titled from AlphaWire and, which provides in-depth PDFs for its product lines. Finally, offers some brief overviews of fiber cable, with modules offering guidance on stripping, splicing, terminating, and testing fiber optic cables. Filed Under: Tagged With:.
Contact: Natalie Beers 1-800-828-9473 ext.130 Lorin Weaver 1-800-828-9473 ext.149 Download: Collegeville, PA, September 2014 – Allied Wire & Cable announces the final installments to the Cable Basics series, Shielding and Armor and Insulation and Jacketing. They are joining the first video in the series, Cable Basics 101: Conductors. Allied is proud to be an educational resource in the wire and cable industry, and is honored to present such a valuable learning tool.
Allied Wire & Cable’s Cable Basics video series has expanded with the addition of two final videos titled Cable Basics 105: Shielding and Armor and Cable Basics 104: Insulation and Jacketing. This educational series is compiled of three concise and articulate videos, which focus on the basic components of wire and cable. As the leading educational source on wire and cable, Allied makes learning a priority. Keeping up with the ever-evolving wire and cable industry and making informative resources such as these videos readily available is just one of many ways Allied educates and informs their customers. Especially when it comes to purchasing wire and cable – knowing what to look for is crucial, and these videos will be a vital aid during the shopping process.
The Cable Basics series began with Cable Basics 101: Conductors, which paved the way with its descriptive explanation focused entirely on cable conductors. This video explains how a conductor functions, and why the material and type of conductor matters. For instance, a stranded, nickel-plated conductor might be a great option for a particular application, but on the other hand, a solid bare copper conductor might be more efficient for a different use.
This video easily breaks it down for the viewer and helps to explain the limitations and advantages of each material, and how the conductor works hand in hand with the other components. Cable Basics 104: Insulation and Jacketing is the second installment to the Cable Basics series, and focuses entirely on the functions and components to a wire’s insulation and jacket. This video discusses how the insulation works, which is to primarily protect the conductor while guarding against interference, and to keep the conductor’s signal strong.
Additionally, there is the jacket, which works to protect the outside of the cable from environmental hazards, and is what we normally see. This video does an excellent job of illustrating the differences of each type and material, and how the insulation and jacketing work together to protect the heart of the wire. The final and most recent chapter to the Cable Basics Series, Cable Basics 105: Shielding and Armor, delves into the common shielding and armor construction types and explains the terminology and materials commonly used. Shielding does exactly what it sounds like – it shields the cable from outside interference and keeps the signal from leaking. While shielding protects the inside of the cable, armor is used to prevent physical damage from the outside. There are many different materials and types of shielding and armor, and this video also explains the functionality and pros and cons of each type. In addition to the Cable Basics series, Allied also provides a plethora of informative videos which focuses on other types of cables.
From Product Spotlight videos which focus, on individual parts within larger categories such as on Coaxial Cable, Tray Cable Portable Cord, and Hook Up Wire– just to name a few – we also feature more comprehensive product overviews of cable basics. For example, our Portable Cord Basics video explains what the letter mean in each type of cord, and the Automotive Wire & Battery Cable Basics video explains in detail just how these wires function in vehicles. As a whole, the Cable Basics series works to reinforce our goal to educate and inform. Despite the large amount of complex information in wire and cable, this series helps to explain it in a simple and understandable way. Allied knows that not everyone is an engineer, so making the terminology and foundation easy to understand is important to us. About Allied Wire & Cable, Supplier of Electrical Wire Allied Wire & Cable is a family owned and operated specialty manufacturer and distributor of wire and cable with more than 25 years of experience. Allied serves all major global markets, including government and military, as well as the aerospace, automotive, and telecommunications industries.
AWC is dedicated to personalized service, and assigns an individual sales rep to each and every customer. Customization services such as cut and strip, custom print, dyeing, striping, twisting, and more are available, in addition to a full range of custom cable design and manufacturing services.
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Allied is headquartered in Collegeville, PA, with stocking locations in Florida, Wisconsin, and Nevada. Additional sales offices are located in New Hampshire and throughout the Southeastern United States. Allied is proud to serve customers worldwide. For more information, please visit www.awcwire.com.
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